THE EFFECT OF REACTION TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF SOLID SOAP

Abstract

Introduction: Soap is a processed product using fatty acids and alkali. In general, all oils contain fatty acids which can be used to make soap, but each oil has different characteristics. Extra Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) hardens the soap so that the soap formed is hard and sturdy, unlike Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), which is softer, so the soap will take longer to solidify. During the saponification process, the reaction that occurs is influenced by temperature and reaction time. Materials and Methods: In this study there was a treatment temperature of 70^oC; time 20 minutes, temperature 90^oC; time 20 minutes, temperature 70^oC; time 40 minutes, temperature 90^oC; time 40 minutes. This saponification reaction takes place using 37% NaOH. Results: In the physical test of solid soap, there was a significant difference, where the color produced by EVCO soap was white, had a distinctive, slightly coconut smell and a slightly uneven surface, but EVOO soap had a yellow color, had a distinctive slightly olive smell and a flat surface.. Conclusion: In quality tests based on pH levels, alkali levels and water content, EVCO soap showed results that were close to the Indonesian National Standard at a treatment temperature of 90^oC; 40 minutes, namely pH (9.65), alkali content (0.04%), free fatty acid (0.06%) and water content (5.24%), while in EVOO soap soap which is almost close to the Indonesian National Standard is shown at a treatment temperature of 90^oC; 40 minutes, namely pH (10.85), alkali content (0.11%), free fatty acid (0.03%) and water content (10.90%).